What precaution should be observed when performing a heel puncture?

When performing a heel puncture, it is crucial to ensure that the depth of the puncture does not exceed 2mm. This is primarily to prevent injury to the underlying structures, such as the bone and nerves, which can be damaged if the puncture goes too deep. The heel has delicate tissues, and puncturing deeper than 2mm can also lead to unnecessary pain or complications for the patient, particularly in infants, who are the most common recipients of heel punctures.

Other considerations include the appropriate site for the puncture and ensuring the area is clean to prevent infection. Although it is important to limit the depth of the puncture, puncturing only on the medial side may not always be a universally acceptable guideline–the lateral side can also be used responsibly when heel punctures are performed. The option suggesting to avoid puncturing altogether does not acknowledge the necessity of heel punctures in certain medical situations where blood samples are needed for testing in infants. Therefore, adhering to the 2mm limit provides the best balance between obtaining a sample and ensuring patient safety.